What are the two classifications of coma?

The correct classification of coma into structural and metabolic categories is essential for understanding the underlying causes and treatment approaches.

Structural coma results from abnormalities in the brain, which could include trauma, tumors, strokes, or congenital anomalies that disrupt normal brain function. These conditions typically lead to physical changes in brain structure that directly affect consciousness.

Metabolic coma, on the other hand, occurs due to systemic conditions that affect how the brain functions without necessarily causing structural damage. This could include metabolic derangements such as severe hypoglycemia, liver failure, or infections like sepsis. These conditions can result in altered metabolic states that impact brain function and consciousness, potentially reversible with appropriate treatment.

Understanding these classifications allows medical professionals to narrow down the potential causes of a patient's altered state and guide appropriate interventions.